Pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology companies are under constant
pressure to discover and develop new
therapeutics at a lesser cost and within shorter timeframes. However, with
investments exceeding USD 500 million and nine out of ten candidates failing to get drug approval,
pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology companies face a challenging task ahead.
High throughput
screening (HTS) is emerging as a viable option as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology companies strive to become the first to market a new drug. HTS has the potential to provide mechanistic insights and new drug
leads with unparalleled efficiency.
"By shortening the
drug discovery cycle, HTS offers the opportunity to capture maximum market share and optimise revenue generation within the first year of entry," explains
Research Analyst Dr. Amarpreet Dhiman from
Frost & Sullivan. "It is also likely to increase the chances of clearing
clinical trials by addressing issues related to
pharmacokinetics, animal
toxicity and side-effects."
The European HTS market was worth USD 483 million in 2003 and is projected to be valued at USD 925 million in 2010.
Germany is the largest market for HTS in Europe, with revenues greater than USD 120 million of the market value.
For multinational pharmaceuticals and biotechnology companies that need to compress time and costs in
drug development,
outsourcing HTS has emerged as a cost-effective option that also provides access to additional drug entities and innovative technology. In fact, outsourcing is expected to form 57 per cent of total
drug development expenditure in 2010.
The introduction of new technologies over the past decade has also proved instrumental in improving the chances of discovering innovative
drugs and shortening the discovery cycle. For instance, integration of
robotics with HTS has played a key role in achieving higher screening rates and avoiding expensive manual interventions.
bioinformatics also speeds up the drug discovery process by predicting the biological properties of a particular lead compound and its viability as a potential drug candidate. When used in conjunction with
bioinformatics, HTS can rely on quality lead compounds to generate considerable time and cost savings.
High Content Screening - an advanced form of cell-based
assays - offers the potential to address and ease the many bottlenecks currently encountered in the drug discovery process.
"Insights from information-rich assays are likely to assist in the discovery of effective drugs and could also reduce the need for secondary screens in the future," says Dr. Dhiman.
The role of HTS in heightening the probability of success in drug discovery is largely due to the support of several complementary technologies. For instance,
combinatorial chemistry has increased the availability of targets and
drug candidates through the acquisition of
compound libraries.
"An increase in the quantity of
compound libraries is essential to improve the quality of HTS," explains Dr. Dhiman.
Advances in molecular and
cellular biology,
genetics,
genomics and
proteomics have also been a major driving force for HTS. New classes of therapeutic
molecules have been developed due to the success of
genomics and
proteomics in providing an expanding list of cellular targets.
Although HTS has succeeded in generating a vast amount of data for propelling drug discovery, a significant void remains in terms of
data storage, interpretation and
analysis that are crucial for evaluating future drug candidates.
"The lack of validated statistical methods to ensure the integrity of the data obtained during the screening becomes challenging for most companies involved in drug discovery," notes Dr. Dhiman. "In this regard, it is absolutely critical to improve statistical procedures for efficiently analysing the data generated during the HTS process."