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• 450-year-old metal analysed at the nanometre level for finer detail of corrosion mechanism

  Corrosion products of a 450-year-old archaeological metal were investigated at the nanometre level using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy by scientists in France and Canada. The work is on a much finer scale than others, which usually analyse the microscale with methods like transmission elect more

• Environmental contaminants in foodstuffs

  The final report of the research project "Foodborne exposure to environmental contaminants" (LExUKon) is now available. In this project scientists of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) have calculated, together with colleagues from the Research and Advisory Institute for Hazardous Subst more

• Graphene: Singles and the few

  A timely review analyzing the correlation of synthesis methods and physical properties of single-layer and few-layered graphene flakes. A review of methods used for synthesizing both single and few-layer graphene and the resulting properties is presented by C.N.R. Rao and colleagues at the Jawaharla more

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• UV/Vis/NIR Spectrometry for the Film Thickness Determination of Transparent Films and Layers
  

  Within nearly all branches of industry we find products, which are coated with thin transparent layers to improve the surface features: Window sheet glasses obtain changes in reflection and absorption behavior, ceramics are treated with coatings to lower water adhesion, coatings on metals create corrosion resistance or better sliding factors. Transparent coatings play also a major role in the semiconductor business. One of the important features to be determined and controlled is the thickness of the layers to balance performance and material input during development and production more

• The Determination of Hazardous Substances According to RoHS and WEEE Directives
  

  1st July 2006 is an important deadline for the electro- and electronics industries. This date bans hazardous substances like lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium and polybrominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers from electro- and electronic equipment. This restriction, even though in discussion since 1991, has become more and more important from year to year because of tons of electronic waste releasing toxic substances which are accumulated in the environment, the food chain and all human beings. In order to enforce the substances ban and the limitation or substitution of hazardous components, elemental analysis is obviously the most important control measure for monitoring limiting values. This requires precise analytical systems such as X-ray fluorescence, ICP- and atomic absorption spectrometers. These instruments are able to detect trace concentrations of hazardous compounds - for example cadmium, using an atomic absorption spectrometer in the flame atomization mode up to 0.1 mg/L, or using the di more

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