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• Promega and BASF develop alternative method on identifying allergenic substances

  Promega and BASF have jointly developed an alternative method to animal studies that can reliably detect the allergenic potential of substances. Using a newly developed cell line, the reaction of skin cells to allergenic substances can now be demonstrated in the test tube. Allergic skin reactions in more

• Researchers divide enzyme to conquer genetic puzzle

  Rice University researchers have found a way to divide and modify enzymes to create what amounts to a genetic logic gate. Biochemist Matthew Bennett and graduate student David Shis created a library of AND gates by mutating a protein from a bacterial virus. The well-understood protein known as T7 RN more

• Large conformational changes without ATP consummation

  A special group of proteins, the so-called chaperones, helps other proteins to obtain their correct conformation. Until now scientists supposed that hydrolyzing ATP provides the energy for the large conformational changes of chaperone Hsp90. Now a research team from the Nanosystems Initiative Munich more

White papers Enzymes

• Enzymatic Protein Digest for Mass-spectrometric Analysis
  

  The main focus in proteomic studies is on the identification of proteins in given biological samples. Proteins isolated and separated from a given sample (e.g., whole cell lysates, blood or tissue, protein complexes) by immunoprecipitation or affinity chromatography or two-dimensional electrophoresis must be proteolytically cleaved in the course of sample preparation for identification and characterization. A reproducible cleavage pattern of digested proteins is a prerequisite for the unambiguous identification of these proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). more

• Analysis of the DNA Methylation Patterns at the BRCA1 CpG Island
  

  Germ-line alterations of the BRCA1 gene confer a lifetime risk of 40% for ovarian cancers and of 40%-80% for ­breast cancers. It is likely that BRCA1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1 involvement in breast cancers does not seem to be restricted to familial cancers. Despite the absence of somatic mutations in the breast tissues, a down regulation of BRCA1 expression is associated with malignancy in human sporadic breast cancers. more

• Quantification of BRCA1 Expression Level Using Standard RT-PCR Reagents - a Sensitive Method for the Detection of Low Amounts of Transcripts
  

  Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, occur in the majority of families with multiple members affected with breast or ovarian cancer. Women who inherit a BRCA1 mutation have 40%-80% risk of developing breast cancer or ovarian cancer. However, up to 90% of breast cancers are sporadic, and mutations in BRCA1 seem to be a rare event in sporadic breast tumors. more

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