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• AFM Tips from the Microwave

  Scientists from the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena (Germany) were successful in improving a fabrication process for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) probe tips. Atomic Force Microscopy is able to scan surfaces so that even tiniest nano structures become visible. Knowledge about these structures is more

• Cell phones that protect against deadly chemicals? Why not?

  Do you carry a cell phone? Today, chances are it's called a "smartphone" and it came with a three-to-five megapixel lens built-in—not to mention an MP3 player, GPS or even a bar code scanner. This 'Swiss-Army-knife' trend represents the natural progression of technology—as chips become smaller/more more

• Sniffing out terrorists

  A new intelligent system has been developed to help identify terrorists carrying explosives. Sensitive electronic noses capture the smell of the explosives; the system processes the acquired data, correlates it with individuals’ movements … and ultimately tracks down the suspects. Literally hundred more

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• Field-Flow Fractionation - The Universal Separation Principle for Particle and Macromolecule Characterization
  

  High molecular weight polymers, bio molecules or particles in a range of a few nanometers up to several microns are more and more important in science and technology. Many applications are based on the specific properties of these materials. For this reason, an exact knowledge of the molar mass or particle sizes distribution is essential for later application as well as for optimization of the production processes or quality control. In addition the knowledge about the chain structure of macromolecules or biopolymers as well as about the shape of particles is often necessary. For this reason those samples, which often can be very complex systems, have to be separated according to parameters such as e.g. hydrodynamic volume or molecular weight. After the separation process the resulting narrow dispersed fractions are detected with different techniques. more

• New Silicone Technologies for Skin Care
  

  In today's competitive skin care market, consumers look for a range of benefits, superior aesthetics and cost effectiveness. In response, formulators strive to create products that are multifunctional, easy to use and effective in small quantities. At the same time, the most successful products deliver benefits that stand out from those of the competition. Creams, lotions and color cosmetics must be easy to spread and comfortable to wear, without feeling tacky or greasy. Silicones have been popular ingredients in skin care products for more than fifty years. These versatile materials are known for their emolliency, wetting and spreading characteristics and ability to provide unique aesthetics. As technology continues to evolve, silicones increasingly offer multifunctional, high performance properties. This article reviews some of the newest silicone technologies available for the formulation of innovative skin care products more

• Polyether-Modified Silicones for Cosmetic Applications
  

  Polyether-modified silicones have a long history of use in the personal care industry as emulsifiers and dispersants, as well as stabilizers for water-in-oil systems. However, because of their external phase type, water-in-oil systems tend to display poor aesthetics, such as greasiness, tackiness and slow absorption. A new polyether-modified silicone, PEG/PPG-19/19 dimethicone (and) C13-16 isoparaffin (and) C10-13 isoparaffin, was evaluated for its potential to aid in the production of stable water-in-silicone and water-in-oil formulations with unique textures and enhanced aesthetics. Various oil phases were studied, including silicone oils, organic oils, and a combination of both. Results of the evaluations demonstrate the versatility of the new material, and prototype formulations illustrate its broad utility more

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